Manufacturing is a collection of interrelated activities that includes product design, documentation, material selection, planning, production, Quality Assurance, management and marketing of goods.
The aim of manufacturing activities is to convert raw materials into finished goods on a profitable basis.

Productivity: the dictionary meaning of the productivity is “the quality or state of being productive”. This has originated from the understanding of the meaning of productive efficiency that is responsible for the growth of the economic condition of any industry or Industries as the whole resulting in the the prosperity of of the society for improving the standard of living of its people. Productivity is the output input ratio within a time period with due consideration for quality. In short,

Productivity = output /input
or
P = O/I
The concept of productivity implies effectiveness and efficiency of individual and organisational performance.
Different techniques of productivity improvement may be classified into five basic types… These are:

1. employee – based techniques
2. Task – based techniques
3. Technology – based techniques
4. Material – based techniques
5. Product – based techniques